When Cannabis Appears in Ancient Rituals

The end of autumn is often associated, in many cultures, with introspection and a deeper connection with ancestors. In this context, it is fascinating to explore the role cannabis may have played in ancient funeral rites and spiritual practices.

Historical sources are limited, but several archaeological discoveries provide clues suggesting a ritual use of the plant.

An Unexpected Offering Found in France

In 2015, during excavations in Cébazat (Puy-de-Dôme), archaeologists discovered a funerary vase containing traces of cannabis. The vessel once held a mixture of wine and conifer resin — commonly used to perfume and preserve beverages — to which cannabis had likely been added.

The grave, dated to the 2nd century BCE, belonged to an individual between 40 and 60 years old. Although the identity remains unknown, inscriptions on the vase suggest he was an important figure. The association of wine and cannabis in a funeral context strengthens the hypothesis of a ritual purpose.

A “Vegetal Shroud” in Central Asia

In 2016, in the Turpan region of northwestern China, archaeologists uncovered several graves dating from 2,400 to 2,800 years ago. One of them contained thirteen whole cannabis plants laid diagonally across a man’s body.

This method of placing the plants — like a symbolic shroud — is unique. The graves belonged to people linked to the Subeixi culture, located on an ancient Silk Road crossroads. Cannabis may therefore have circulated widely and held broader cultural significance than previously assumed.

Traces of Fumigation Discovered in Ancient Braziers

A study published in Science Advances analyzed incense burners from the Jirzankal cemeteries in the high mountains of Central Asia. Residues found in these braziers contained high levels of THC.

Researchers are unsure whether these populations cultivated more potent plants intentionally or selected naturally stronger wild varieties. High altitude may have contributed to higher THC levels, as the plant produces cannabinoids to protect itself from UV radiation.

Many specialists believe these fumigations were used to induce altered states of consciousness, possibly for spiritual practices or funeral ceremonies.

Symbolism, Spirituality and Hypotheses

There is no absolute certainty today about the exact role of cannabis in ancient funeral rites. However, archaeological discoveries suggest several possibilities: accompanying the passage of the deceased, facilitating spiritual communication, or serving as a sacred offering.

Perhaps the smoke was seen as a bridge between worlds. Perhaps the plant was simply valuable in daily life and naturally integrated into rituals. The mystery remains, but each discovery sheds new light on the long cultural journey of cannabis.

A Past Still Partially Hidden

Archaeological research continues, and new findings may someday clarify the exact role of cannabis in ancient funerary traditions. For now, these clues remind us that cannabis has travelled through the centuries not only as a practical resource but also as a symbolic and spiritual element for many cultures.